Michael Kennedy outlines the way Toyota thinks, and calls for developers to fully support the test-and-design paradigm. Simulate before design to explore the limits with set-based possibilities. Note that Toyota thinks about limit curves, and the limit curves summarize design tradeoffs early in design.

For companies implementing Lean or PLM, he recommends they get Lean first. They should understand how to apply the analysis of tradeoffs early in the design process, and understand the specific approaches at Toyota to build on. LAMDA and A3 discipline are absolutely critical. There must be a firm approach for identifying, collecting, and capturing knowledge. Number of pages in report, 22.